What Makes a Good Parent

To my mind, the right answer to the question â€Å"What makes a good parent† is not easily obtainable. You should spend a lot of time in contemplation before reaching to it. And still there is no guarantee that finally you will get it. Since many people have different opinions on raising a child there may be thousands absolutely different answers to one and the same question, a rather tricky one, I would say. To tell you the truth, after I asked myself the same question, several things went through my mind. What kind of parent will I be?How will I raise a child? Can I be a good parent? What turns ordinary people into good parents? Panic overtook me and I felt an overwhelming desire to rush to the local bookstore to purchase loads of parenting books and magazines to learn how to become a good parent or call to my mom. But, after thorough thinking I looked at the problem with fresh mind. First of all it’s quite normal to wonder how good a parent you are. Perhaps you're wo rried that going out to work or being a lone parent will affect your child (if the situation is such).You may worry about whether you're being firm enough, or whether you're giving your children what they need. We all hope to get it right and give a good balance of loving care and clear boundaries. Secondly, people are not born with good parenting skills; Parenting is a skill that is learned over a period of time. A good parent learns from their environment and passes what they have learned down to their children. Thirdly, a good parent is a person who is patient, kind, considerate, understanding, and helpful, a good listener, and a disciplinarian at the proper times.Wisdom and patience are always helpful, too. Sometimes all you need to do is listen, while at other times you might have to step in and take action. And moreover, parents have their special healing powers – a kiss and calm words can soothe cuts, bruises and disappointments, (this very point I remember from my own experience, while being a child). Parenting is a twenty-four hour a day job. Anyone who has been there will tell you that it can be absolutely chaotic at times. This is when your good parenting skills are developed to their fullest potential.Being a parent means creating a loving, safe environment for your children as they grow from baby to toddler, right through to the teenage years. You'll need different skills for each stage, but at all times your child will depend on you. You'll become the expert on your child and on what they need to grow into happy, healthy adults. Loving your child, with no strings attached, is the most important thing you can do. But you'll also have to make a huge number of decisions about the best way to bring up your child. This responsibility brings joy and excitement, but it can also be overwhelming, frustrating or even boring at times.Most people manage these emotional and practical challenges with a mixture of love, help from relatives and friends, g ood advice, common sense and just luck. To my personal viewpoint, the first step in becoming a good parent is to realize that you are not perfect. No one is. You are going to make mistakes, some big, some small. The important thing is to realize what the mistake is and not repeat it. There's no one right way to parent and no perfect parent out there with all the answers. We all make mistakes. We all make bad decisions. There are times that we want to be selfish and put ourselves before our children.The sign of a good parent is one that chooses to make their decisions with their children involved. True, there are some guiding ideas – all children need love and affection, to be kept safe and given limits on how they act, to be warm, fed, clothed and to have the opportunity to learn. To tell you the truth the best resource for successful child rearing is our own parents. For example, we should ask ourselves these questions; †¢ How did my parent raise me? †¢ Do I have g ood morals and values? †¢ Did I have a happy childhood? †¢ What method of discipline was used? †¢ How attentive were my parents?These are very important questions, and when we answer these questions, one or more of the answers may be negative. However, this is where common sense takes over. There will be things about the way we were raised that we liked and disliked. The areas that we did not like about the way we were raised can be turned around when we raise our own children. This is how, I think, we can develop into a good parent. Right now I would like to give some tips on how to become a good, loving parent. To tell you the truth, I am a little bit afraid to sound superficial, as I am not a parent yet. But, from another ide, I had enough experience of being a child. So, now when I am in my early twenties I can evaluate the way I was brought up by my parents. It is true, the older we are – the more we can understand our parents. Well, let’s pass on t o the tips: †¢ Recognize your child for the individual that they are. No two children are alike, and even though they may resemble you, they are not you. You may have a child that loves sports and one that can’t stand to be outdoors. We should consider the individuality of each child as a blessing and pursue ways to expand on that. †¢ Discipline your child.That is not to say that you have to spank your child or beat them unmercifully. Choose the method that works best for your child. You are the adult in your relationship and should be the master manipulator. †¢ Be involved in the schooling. Ask questions regarding how your child is performing and interacting with other students. Make sure that you are checking homework, but not doing it for the child. Ask your child questions about his/her day and find out what he likes and dislikes about his learning experience. †¢ Celebrate the small things in a positive way. A good parent: Shows a child consistent and loving discipline.Is supportive, excited and interested in what the child is doing (and wants to do). Allows a child to dream big dreams Teaches a child how to communicate in constructive, loving ways. Teaches a child how to deal with fear. Knows that the child's safety and well-being comes first. Does hard things if it will help the family. Is willing to learn from others — including the child. Knows when to let a child become an adult. Doesn't ever stop trying to become a better parent. It goes without saying, being a good parent is a hard demanding task, but at the same time so interesting and fascinating.Being a parent means passing all the stages of your child formation, such as the early hours of the morning when small children are refusing to sleep or teenagers are still out having fun. And what is more, at all these stages you must possess different skills and be an expert for your child; that is where high tolerance and endless patience are needed. The message I want to put across to the reader is that a loving, safe environment for our children as they grow from baby to toddler, right through to the teenage years is the best tool in upbringing a complete individual with his own self.The love of a family is life's greatest blessing. A great responsibility lies on parents, as it is they who are guarantors of protection, positive emotions and safety. Being a parent will probably be the most rewarding thing you'll ever do – and the toughest responsibility. The joy of holding your newborn baby as he or she looks at the world for the first time can be magical. To my mind, having a child opens you up to emotions that are almost impossible to imagine in advance. And one more thing we should remember for ever, when we feel confident and positive, our children are more likely to feel that way, too.

Internal Control and Shady Accounting Practices

Group 3 1. Why did accounting fraud occur at WorldCom? Fraud occurred at WorldCom for a variety of reasons. The senior executives had unchecked power because the board of directors were only figure heads, the ethics hot-line was nonfunctional, and in internal audit department did report to the appropriate link in the corporate chain to minimize fraud. These reasons, combined with a poor company culture, created the environment where fraud was able to become an acceptable business process. The senior executives at WorldCom had a â€Å"do it or else† attitude that was unchecked by any external force.That external force should have been the board of directors. Unfortunately the board of directors were being directed by the senior executives, given information about WorldCom that was disorganized to hide highly controversial and aggressive accounting techniques. These directors should have recognized they were being used and realized their agency to the stock holders to administer the oversight they were compensated to provide. The ethics hot-line, according to the case, while existed, was not known or trusted by the general population of employees at WorldCom.While many employees were aware of unethical activity, no of them felt that using this channel was a viable solution to addressing problems at WorldCom. Finally, the Internal audit department reported to the senior executive who ultimately steered their activity. If the executive was informed that internal audit was close to uncovering the unethical acts of managers, he directed their internal activity to other areas of the firm and blocked access to their department to the files that could expose the problem.If the internal audit department reported to the board of directors, better policing of executive activity would have been possible. All of these reasons had an element of poor culture in their makeup. Allowing senior executives to bullying their subordinates, inattentive directors, allowing for t he ethics channel to be nonfunctional, and accepting the unethical actions of seniors as the way things get done, ultimately doomed WorldCom to a spiral of actions that had the momentum of everyone's livelihood at stake, with no system in place to automatically apply the brakes to protect the shareholders. . What is the difference between earnings management (or earnings smoothing) and accounting fraud? What are the relevant criteria to use in distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices? I don't think there is a difference between earning smoothing and accounting fraud. Both practices intentionally mislead investors to alter their opinion of their holdings. Even if altering earning to smooth it out is mean only to put investors at ease, the underlying goal of smoothing is to change the perception of risk and volatility, which demand premiums in the market.Relevant criteria for distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices are if the accounting practice ma terially changes what the average investor values the company at and items addressed in GAAP and other accounting standards that are against conventional accounting guidelines actively used and unchallenged in the business landscape. 3. What internal processes or systems do you recommend to prevent fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom?Why were these practices not detected sooner? It appears WorldCom's fraudulent activities was uncovered by the companies own internal accounting department, indicating that at least one of five internal controls – â€Å"monitoring of controls† was functional. However, I believe if there were to have been periodic external auditing from impartial entities outside of WorldCom, the fraudulent activities would have been uncovered sooner than it occurred in 2005.Other internal control processes that could have prevented WorldCom's fraudulent activities and demise are; hiring competent, reliable and ethical personnel, particul arly in leadership positions that the company's board of trustees failed to accomplish, or perhaps were oblivious and complacent with the â€Å"red flag warnings† – falsely professed financial growth and profitability to increase the price of WorldCom's stock, and underreporting line costs (interconnection expenses with other telecommunication companies) by capitalizing these costs on the balance sheet rather than properly expensing them.In addition to inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate unallocated revenue accounts. I also believe there was failure with â€Å"assignment of duties†, or separation of duties if you will. Because, Mr. Ebber's seems to have been in control of his CFO – Sullivan, Controller – Myers, and Director of General Accounting – Yates. All of whom were unethical leaders at WorldCom that helped concoct â€Å"shady† accounting practices that led to the demise of WorldCom. It is my opinion t hat the above mentioned practices were not detected early enough due to micro management of lower taff employees by unethical leadership through autocratic style leadership, and environment that instilled fear in employees for fear of losing their jobs if any concerns were raised. An unfortunate reality that sadly exist in many big corporations, and even in governments. 4. What external processes or systems do you recommend to prevent and detect fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom? Were the directors on the board or the external auditors to be blamed?External auditing is an effective process that can in many ways prevent fraudulent activities within organizations, as the respective auditing teams have no â€Å"loyalty† to management or leadership within the company undergoing review by the external auditors. Retrospectively, I believe that the board of trustees of WorldCom at the time of the scandal would have wished that they had carefully looked into the background and leadership style of Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators to have checked for any signs of unethical behavior that many companies continue to blindly ignore.Barely about a year ago, Yahoo's former CEO was publicly humiliated, and subsequently fired by the company for â€Å"embellishing his academic credentials†. A very minor issue that could have been easily prevented, had the board of trustees of Yahoo looked thoroughly into Thompson's background by doing their due diligence. Unfortunately, the board of trustees of Yahoo failed at this task, much like what happened back in the late nineties with WorldCom and Ebber's. 5. You are a representative from the SEC.Briefly describe any sections of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that you would cite to either Mr. Sullivan or Mr. Ebber's when they refuse to comply with your request for information. Under the federal regulations and securities Section 3(a)(47) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U. S. C. 78c(a)(47)), ref usal of any individual(s), or company(s) to conform to set accounting practices including external auditing by appropriate personnel (entities) will be liable to punitive actions set forth by federal legislations – up to or more than 25-years imprisonment and fines.Additionally, accounting and auditing practices by firms and individuals associated with a particular entity, or provide other services to any or such entities are prohibited to prevent conflict of interest, and accurate reporting of accounting practices. All of which were corporate infractions engaged in by Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators at WorldCom. 6. The E/R ratios of other telecommunications companies during the late 1990’s hovered around 50% or at best high 40%. If you were an investor, would you have invested in WorldCom? I probably would have.Despite the fact that WorldCom's E/R ratio seems to have been lower than its competitors , which should have raised a red flag in any potential investors m ind. However, like my decision to still invest in WorldCom despite its â€Å"too good to be E/R ratios†, many investors back then may have ignored what was obvious because WorldCom's â€Å"cooked books† from previous years all â€Å"seemed financially sound†, thanks to Ebber's and his co-conspirators great efforts at evading external auditors, fooling the public and its shareholders, and â€Å"muscling† junior employees to cover up its â€Å"shady accounting practices†.So naturally, any potential investor would probably back then have made the same mistake of investing in WorldCom. Obviously, not expensing largest operating expense â€Å"line costs† – incurred to gain access to other carriers networks to allow WorldCom to complete customers calls, as reported in its SEC filings will make its E/R ratio lower compared to WorldCom's competitors, resulting in an â€Å"inflated performance† – overstatement of earnings and und erstatement of operating expenses. 7. Contrast the roles of Vinson and Cooper in the case.Should Vinson have been charged with committing crime? According to the section â€Å"Resolution of Ethical Conflict† in the Institute of Management Accountants' Code of Ethics, how should employees proceed when under pressure by senior managers to engage in unethical behavior? As stated by James Comey, the U. S. attorney that prosecuted Ms. Vinson's case, â€Å"just following orders† is not an excuse to break the law. Why? Because, like many accounting professionals, Ms. Vinson knew right from wrong as it pertains to the prescriptive law of accounting ethical practices.In her own statement and admissions to prosecutors during the initial stages of her prosecution, and attempt to become a witness for the prosecution to gain leniency. (Pulliam, 2003). She (Ms. Vinson) stated that â€Å"each time she was ordered to â€Å"cook† or cover unethical accounting practices, she tho ught and hoped it will be the last time she caved in for such unscrupulous activities. Unfortunately, she kept on caving for years till the scandal was uncovered†. In light of the facts, and Ms.Vinson and Cooper's knowledge of right and wrong concerning the ethical practices of their chosen professions, it is appropriate for both of them to have been held liable for conspiring and engaging in such fraudulent activities as purported by WorldCom. As outlined by the IMA, accounting professionals in any company that are micro-managed, â€Å"muscled†, or coerced to engage in any fraudulent activities or witness any such improprieties, should first report the issue to an immediate supervisor that is not involve in such activities.In the event such option does not exist, one should then report the issue to a higher management staff that is not involved in such impropriety. it's also advisable for one to seek legal counseling with a private attorney about how to proceed in such matters n the event that reporting to an external body is imminent. Reference:PULLIAM, S. , Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL Online, June 23, 2003| | Internal Control and Shady Accounting Practices Group 3 1. Why did accounting fraud occur at WorldCom? Fraud occurred at WorldCom for a variety of reasons. The senior executives had unchecked power because the board of directors were only figure heads, the ethics hot-line was nonfunctional, and in internal audit department did report to the appropriate link in the corporate chain to minimize fraud. These reasons, combined with a poor company culture, created the environment where fraud was able to become an acceptable business process. The senior executives at WorldCom had a â€Å"do it or else† attitude that was unchecked by any external force.That external force should have been the board of directors. Unfortunately the board of directors were being directed by the senior executives, given information about WorldCom that was disorganized to hide highly controversial and aggressive accounting techniques. These directors should have recognized they were being used and realized their agency to the stock holders to administer the oversight they were compensated to provide. The ethics hot-line, according to the case, while existed, was not known or trusted by the general population of employees at WorldCom.While many employees were aware of unethical activity, no of them felt that using this channel was a viable solution to addressing problems at WorldCom. Finally, the Internal audit department reported to the senior executive who ultimately steered their activity. If the executive was informed that internal audit was close to uncovering the unethical acts of managers, he directed their internal activity to other areas of the firm and blocked access to their department to the files that could expose the problem.If the internal audit department reported to the board of directors, better policing of executive activity would have been possible. All of these reasons had an element of poor culture in their makeup. Allowing senior executives to bullying their subordinates, inattentive directors, allowing for t he ethics channel to be nonfunctional, and accepting the unethical actions of seniors as the way things get done, ultimately doomed WorldCom to a spiral of actions that had the momentum of everyone's livelihood at stake, with no system in place to automatically apply the brakes to protect the shareholders. . What is the difference between earnings management (or earnings smoothing) and accounting fraud? What are the relevant criteria to use in distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices? I don't think there is a difference between earning smoothing and accounting fraud. Both practices intentionally mislead investors to alter their opinion of their holdings. Even if altering earning to smooth it out is mean only to put investors at ease, the underlying goal of smoothing is to change the perception of risk and volatility, which demand premiums in the market.Relevant criteria for distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices are if the accounting practice ma terially changes what the average investor values the company at and items addressed in GAAP and other accounting standards that are against conventional accounting guidelines actively used and unchallenged in the business landscape. 3. What internal processes or systems do you recommend to prevent fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom?Why were these practices not detected sooner? It appears WorldCom's fraudulent activities was uncovered by the companies own internal accounting department, indicating that at least one of five internal controls – â€Å"monitoring of controls† was functional. However, I believe if there were to have been periodic external auditing from impartial entities outside of WorldCom, the fraudulent activities would have been uncovered sooner than it occurred in 2005.Other internal control processes that could have prevented WorldCom's fraudulent activities and demise are; hiring competent, reliable and ethical personnel, particul arly in leadership positions that the company's board of trustees failed to accomplish, or perhaps were oblivious and complacent with the â€Å"red flag warnings† – falsely professed financial growth and profitability to increase the price of WorldCom's stock, and underreporting line costs (interconnection expenses with other telecommunication companies) by capitalizing these costs on the balance sheet rather than properly expensing them.In addition to inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate unallocated revenue accounts. I also believe there was failure with â€Å"assignment of duties†, or separation of duties if you will. Because, Mr. Ebber's seems to have been in control of his CFO – Sullivan, Controller – Myers, and Director of General Accounting – Yates. All of whom were unethical leaders at WorldCom that helped concoct â€Å"shady† accounting practices that led to the demise of WorldCom. It is my opinion t hat the above mentioned practices were not detected early enough due to micro management of lower taff employees by unethical leadership through autocratic style leadership, and environment that instilled fear in employees for fear of losing their jobs if any concerns were raised. An unfortunate reality that sadly exist in many big corporations, and even in governments. 4. What external processes or systems do you recommend to prevent and detect fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom? Were the directors on the board or the external auditors to be blamed?External auditing is an effective process that can in many ways prevent fraudulent activities within organizations, as the respective auditing teams have no â€Å"loyalty† to management or leadership within the company undergoing review by the external auditors. Retrospectively, I believe that the board of trustees of WorldCom at the time of the scandal would have wished that they had carefully looked into the background and leadership style of Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators to have checked for any signs of unethical behavior that many companies continue to blindly ignore.Barely about a year ago, Yahoo's former CEO was publicly humiliated, and subsequently fired by the company for â€Å"embellishing his academic credentials†. A very minor issue that could have been easily prevented, had the board of trustees of Yahoo looked thoroughly into Thompson's background by doing their due diligence. Unfortunately, the board of trustees of Yahoo failed at this task, much like what happened back in the late nineties with WorldCom and Ebber's. 5. You are a representative from the SEC.Briefly describe any sections of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that you would cite to either Mr. Sullivan or Mr. Ebber's when they refuse to comply with your request for information. Under the federal regulations and securities Section 3(a)(47) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U. S. C. 78c(a)(47)), ref usal of any individual(s), or company(s) to conform to set accounting practices including external auditing by appropriate personnel (entities) will be liable to punitive actions set forth by federal legislations – up to or more than 25-years imprisonment and fines.Additionally, accounting and auditing practices by firms and individuals associated with a particular entity, or provide other services to any or such entities are prohibited to prevent conflict of interest, and accurate reporting of accounting practices. All of which were corporate infractions engaged in by Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators at WorldCom. 6. The E/R ratios of other telecommunications companies during the late 1990’s hovered around 50% or at best high 40%. If you were an investor, would you have invested in WorldCom? I probably would have.Despite the fact that WorldCom's E/R ratio seems to have been lower than its competitors , which should have raised a red flag in any potential investors m ind. However, like my decision to still invest in WorldCom despite its â€Å"too good to be E/R ratios†, many investors back then may have ignored what was obvious because WorldCom's â€Å"cooked books† from previous years all â€Å"seemed financially sound†, thanks to Ebber's and his co-conspirators great efforts at evading external auditors, fooling the public and its shareholders, and â€Å"muscling† junior employees to cover up its â€Å"shady accounting practices†.So naturally, any potential investor would probably back then have made the same mistake of investing in WorldCom. Obviously, not expensing largest operating expense â€Å"line costs† – incurred to gain access to other carriers networks to allow WorldCom to complete customers calls, as reported in its SEC filings will make its E/R ratio lower compared to WorldCom's competitors, resulting in an â€Å"inflated performance† – overstatement of earnings and und erstatement of operating expenses. 7. Contrast the roles of Vinson and Cooper in the case.Should Vinson have been charged with committing crime? According to the section â€Å"Resolution of Ethical Conflict† in the Institute of Management Accountants' Code of Ethics, how should employees proceed when under pressure by senior managers to engage in unethical behavior? As stated by James Comey, the U. S. attorney that prosecuted Ms. Vinson's case, â€Å"just following orders† is not an excuse to break the law. Why? Because, like many accounting professionals, Ms. Vinson knew right from wrong as it pertains to the prescriptive law of accounting ethical practices.In her own statement and admissions to prosecutors during the initial stages of her prosecution, and attempt to become a witness for the prosecution to gain leniency. (Pulliam, 2003). She (Ms. Vinson) stated that â€Å"each time she was ordered to â€Å"cook† or cover unethical accounting practices, she tho ught and hoped it will be the last time she caved in for such unscrupulous activities. Unfortunately, she kept on caving for years till the scandal was uncovered†. In light of the facts, and Ms.Vinson and Cooper's knowledge of right and wrong concerning the ethical practices of their chosen professions, it is appropriate for both of them to have been held liable for conspiring and engaging in such fraudulent activities as purported by WorldCom. As outlined by the IMA, accounting professionals in any company that are micro-managed, â€Å"muscled†, or coerced to engage in any fraudulent activities or witness any such improprieties, should first report the issue to an immediate supervisor that is not involve in such activities.In the event such option does not exist, one should then report the issue to a higher management staff that is not involved in such impropriety. it's also advisable for one to seek legal counseling with a private attorney about how to proceed in such matters n the event that reporting to an external body is imminent. Reference:PULLIAM, S. , Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL Online, June 23, 2003| |

Marketing Research Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Research Plan - Essay Example To ensure we get cooperation on the study, we intend to visit at least two universities that offer both fulltime and online degrees modules to their students. We will also visit two companies to study on those who are not studying but intend to study so as to know what would motivate them to study an online degree course. We intend to spit this study into three distinct steps as follow: The first step will involve use of a questionnaire that will be utilized to get at the base of motivations on what would happen if those working fulltime have other options of studying. This study would only involve only those who are studying the online degree programme. The second step would involve direct interviewing of all students on the university on what would motivate them to take an online degree. This interview would involve both those in fulltime and part-time base programme. We intend to approach the administration of the two universities that offer online degree programm... The Study 1 We intend to approach the administration of the two universities that offer online degree programmes. We will use over observational approach in this study whereby we will identify ourselves as researchers and clarify to them on the main rationale of the study. For this case, we will request them to give us the contacts of those studying online degree programmes in their university. We will get their contacts especially email address and we would send them our questionnaire to them. The following questionnaire will be use in this study. The students will be expected to fill the questionnaires and email them back to us on their views regarding online degree courses. Study 2 The second study will involve direct interviewing students at the university. We will pick students at random at the university and interview them concerning online degree courses. We will introduce ourselves to students as researchers and our intention our carrying out the research. We would spend around 15 to 20 minutes with the students and discuss their view in regard to online degree course. After this, we would compile discussion and come up with the correct ideas on the best view concerning online degree courses. Questionnaire Choice Question Note: Question 1 - 5 has no specific quantifiable value; they are intended to measure affiliation with those already studying online degree programme. I. Which degree programme did you use in your previous study Fulltime programme _______________ Online Programme _______________ II. Which degree programme would you prefer today Fulltime programme _______________ Online Programme _______________ III. Why do you prefer the degree programme chosen above Convenience ________________ Cost

Advertising, marketing, sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising, marketing, sales - Essay Example The pervasiveness of advertising in the modern world is one of the key features of the consumerist economy. Rarely do people today make decisions on what to buy without the aid of the information provided by advertising on all forms of media. The consumer and the producer are the two parties in the exchange - and each party, on the part of the consumer, his wants and needs and the producer, on his part, the goods or services to give form to those wants and needs. Apparently, the market acts as the clearing ground for this exchange and both parties are satisfied. The role of advertising in the market is purportedly for the purpose of the consumers making informed choices on the myriad of products and services that are available. This is based on the assumption that people more or less know what they want and that producers make available to consumers as much as possible information about the product, within the framework of encapsulating the needs of the consumer. When a situation ari ses, when these assumptions are questioned, both parties are in danger - on the part of the consumers, vulnerable to undue influence or manipulation as to their needs and wants, and on the part of producers, prone to charges of exploitation and manipulation.In the article, The Dependence Effect by John Kenneth Galbraith, states that modern advertising and salesmanship are the vehicles for which production creates, not merely communicates, the needs and wants that present-day consumers come to identify as their own. He further charges more categorically that "their central function is to create desires - to bring into being wants that previously did not exist." This statement calls into question the assumption of current theory of consumer demand that rests on "independently determined desires", the primary cause that determines the effect of goods being available in the market. If the arrow of the relationship switches, with the producer, through the instruments of advertising and m arketing, becoming the creator of the cause of the demand - then the consumer buying goods, has become, rather the effect. The consumer, in this light, has become, a mere automaton, a human being stripped of his freedom, not only to choose, but more likely, inwardly, a being who has lost grip of his primary needs and wants. With the most profitable corporations in today's world, also increasingly the biggest spenders on adverting, and if the scenario of the loss of consumer of freedom holds, then human beings on a wide scale are in danger of becoming mass robots, mere puppets to satisfy the greed of corporations. Galbraith, further raises the specter of public services, becoming more and more neglected as private wants dependent on the output of producers - the case of "an implacable tendency to provide an opulent supply of some things and a niggardly yield of others." This situation, according to the author further leads to social and economic problems as consumers under the influe nce of the process of production creating more artificial desires fail to make the choice to satisfy their desires for public goods and services. Galbraith has delved into two main critiques: one that, advertising is actually involved in desire creation, rather than the purported function of providing information to the consumers; and two, that in the case of the facts - the amount spent on advertising as indicators of their big role in the production process and in creation of artificial desires, the dependency effect is an overwhelming evidence that producers or the process of production "determines" consumer demands and needs. In response to the first critique, Robert Arrington, provides a more nuanced approach to the charge of advertising controlling the buying behavior of consumers (Advertising and Behavior Control). He examines the concept of autonomy, being "complex and multifaceted". In the case of desire, being autonomous, that is coming independently from the consumer - in reality, he writes, desire can be induced, but this

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Literary Analysis - Essay Example To be educated is to be well informed. Education assumes that it is a lifetime development not only in sixteen years of training, but also throughout an individual’s life. Therefore, this paper seeks to highlight different characteristics of education basing on Jon Spayde’s definitions. It also reviews his book on education and training. To be educated involves being well acquainted with what is learnt. This normally takes place and is developed throughout the networks we make in the world. A strong education, according to Spayed, is one that is acquired through the best combination we can make in school, online exploration, poetry classes and salon (Spayde, 1998, p.66). Education should also entail learning and exploring ideas and skills outside classroom. To be educated hence involves to be equated with a preparation for competitiveness. Multiculturalists believe education has become a battle line. Therefore, it is through education and being educated where we duke ou t frequently with the angry neo-traditionalists. To be educated is to be adequately prepared for the contemporary world and the ever-advancing knowledge and science and technology (Spayde, 1998, p.67). Spayde believes firmly that not all the classical American generation have doubt about the education matters. There are two types of education and these include formal and informal forms of education. Formal education is the inner core of being educated. It was a serious boundary between those we consider well educated and the least educated. Talking about being educated, therefore, involves class. Class has brought into existence superiority and power in the modern society. Jon Spayde, in his book, expresses different definitions and ideas people hold on education. Spayde asserts that education consists of life experiences. People have to discover equilibrium between a self-learning and an academic education. Spayde advocates for education that comprises of virtue such as integrity, co-operation and responsibility (Spayde, 1998, p.57). A school education may not prepare an individual for the real world, but self-education ensures. Nevertheless, John Spayde feels that a school education has particular worth. He also explains that class and education are about power. Spayed claims, in his book, that education must be both life and academic experiences (Spayde, 1998, p.67). This idea is strongly supported by his colleagues who also assert that a definite focus should be put on education. His answers, therefore, fulfil all his implicit promises. He believes that technology runs the modern world and that everybody should embrace technology. Additionally, Spayde asserts that technical training will soon become out-dated anyway. Miles Harvey, a journalist, believes that debates on teaching are downhearted to a time concern. Learning is time consuming and that is why most people are only interested in learning and focusing on particular academic disciplines. According to Elizabeth Sutton Lawrence, the self-education goes as early as during the Greek times. The vision and goals of California state university Monterey Bay is being academic community plural model where all respect one another during the learning process for a mutual benefit (Spayde, 1998, p.68) This was known as in-the-street education where the early Greek education was brought largely from the experiences in the market places. Socrates met and dared his students in the

Red Capitalism Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red Capitalism Book Review - Essay Example It also gives readers an idea of how government runs China’s financial system and state-owned enterprises. It is interesting to note that unlike other developed countries, China tends to have a political system that is not stable. Renminbi is also not a convertible and internationally recognized currency. Chinese is also known for its high-context culture. It is hard to control and manage businesses without intervention by the party or government. It is claimed, â€Å"The Party is able to ensure its control over China’s most powerful business groups by having the power to appoint their top management† (Walter and Howie 193). The authors also point out how China wants to reform its financial systems in order to connect with other international firms and banks to attract investors to come by implementing international reporting standard. China’s economy in past 30 years definitely has grown from the primitive one to a more modernized and internalized one with effort of American investment bankers and implementation of international accounting, financial, legal system. Indeed, China is now proudly represented by 44 companies on the Fortune Global 500 list (Walter and Howie 11). The financial system is dominated by four big banks, which include Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, and Industrial, and Commercial Bank of China. These four banks also control 45% of China’s total financial assets. The Party wants these banks to support the SOEs in all circumstances (Walter and Howie 47). Banks are the main tools for the party to facilitate country’s economy growth. Bank lending and indirect financing seems to be the only way to achieve GDP growth and attract foreign investors. Surprisingly, the Big 4 banks increase their lending at nearly 20% per annum (Walter and Howie 51). The Party tells the bank to loan to the SOEs, but it seems that it is unable to tell the SOEs to repay the loans (Walter and Howie 47). Therefore, the balance

Diet analzing project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diet analzing project - Essay Example 54.01 mg 75 mg/d 29% 1 cup vegetable salad 1 cup lemonade 1 cup peach slices B12 2.4 ug/d Folate 400 ug/d Nutrient Intake DRI (RDA/AI) Percent (%) Foods Calcium 847 mg 1,000 mg/d 85% 1 Fast food chicken fillet sandwich 1 McDonalds Egg McMuffin 1 slice of 9" cheesecake Iron 10.99 mg 18 mg/d 61% 1 pc. Porterhouse steak 1 cup spinach 1 cup legumes Sodium 4525 mg 1.5g/d 301% Fried breaded shrimp Chicken fillet sandwich McDonalds Egg Mc Muffin Cholesterol* 566.79 mg 300 mg 189% Egg Mcmuffin Fried breaded shrimp Chicken fillet sandwich Fiber* 3.89 g 25 g/d 16% 1 cup All-bran cereals cup Mature lentil seeds cup Split peas NOTE: For Sodium and Cholesterol: If the numbers are 67%, you do not need to provide foods to increase your intake. *No DRI available- use the amount listed under the recommended daily nutrients on your personal profile page. Answer the following essay questions in a minimum of one page typed (double spaced). (25 pts.) 1. Assuming your calculated recommended calorie requirements are accurate according to your print-out, should you be gaining, losing or maintaining your body weight With an average calorie intake of 2059 kcal, I should be maintaining my body weight. Although the recommended calorie requirements in my personal profile suggest a daily calorie intake of 2000 kcal, the 59 kcal, in excess of that will not affect my body weight too much. However, if I continue to take in 2060 kcal a day, there might come a time that I would gain weight. 2. What are the 2 main food sources of fat and calories in your diet What does this tell you about your food intake Most of my intake of calories comes from carbohydrates. The carbohydrates come from the various types of bread that I consume...If your percent is greater than 67%, list 3 foods (from your printout- day 1, 2, or 3) that contributed the greatest amount (in order- 1st, 2nd, and 3rd greatest contributor) of this nutrient (example provided)- provide the serving size of the food (1 cup, cup). (30 pts) With an average calorie intake of 2059 kcal, I should be maintaining my body weight. Although the recommended calorie requirements in my personal profile suggest a daily calorie intake of 2000 kcal, the 59 kcal, in excess of that will not affect my body weight too much. However, if I continue to take in 2060 kcal a day, there might come a time that I would gain weight. Most of my intake of calories comes from carbohydrates. The carbohydrates come from the various types of bread that I consume each and everyday. In the three days that I analyzed my diet, I did not consume pasta or rice. However, in each of those three days, I consumed a particular type of bread. On the other hand, much of the fat in my diet comes form the fried items that I eat. These are usually from fast food restaurants. The fat comes from the oil that is used in cooking such food items. What this says about my diet is that I rely too much on fast foods that may not be as healthy and nutritious as home-cooked meals. Among the aforementioned nutrients, I have the lowest intake of fiber with only 16%.

Newspaper should not be produced in U.S Research Paper

Newspaper should not be produced in U.S - Research Paper Example introduction of internet and television have greatly affected business of newspaper. People can easily find information in relation to a business proposal or advertising by browsing through internet. In this situation why one will prefer to buy newspaper. Therefore, newspaper profits are declining very rapidly. Present condition of economy proposes that newspaper should not be produced mainly in US because many audit reports have shown negative financial condition of the industry and its popularity is fading day by day. Therefore, it will be suitable to stop producing newspaper and promoting this phenomena more on the basis of internet or other electronic devices (Abbott Jez, 2010). 1.2 Reasons There are many reasons which support this idea that newspaper should not be produced in US. Some of which are described below: Affect of internet and television By 1990s till present news are made available 24 hours on television channels. Introduction of internet have opened new challenges fo r the business world. News is updated on daily basis through internet. These two mediums have reduced the usage of newspaper in many parts of the world including US. Payment circulation of newspaper has been declined as compared to the revenue collected through advertisement on internet. There has been a major shift from print media to new media. This has lead to decline in the profits of newspaper. Most of its revenue goes to electronic media (Plambeck Joseph, 2010). Global warming Reading newspaper has less affect on global warming as compared to reading news online. Creating newspaper is more overweight as compared to powering computers. If one is reading newspaper for 30 minutes, it will have less impact on global warming as compared to reading news online. Newspaper circulation falls Newspapers in US are continuously at stark, its circulation is declining very rapidly, and as compared to last year, circulation of newspaper has reduced more by 9%. In accordance to Audit Bureau o f Circulation sales of newspaper in US have dropped by 6.5% in the last six months in 2010 and weekly sales have been reduced by 8.7%. These results were generated by combining all the individual newspapers in US. Newspaper circulation was in decline since many years, but majorly it was affected by recession after 2008. The main reason for this decline is internet. Many publishers have also limited their services in relation to the delivery. In past, publishers only had to cope up with cost incurred in printing, but considering the present scenario they have to manage losses related to circulation (Liedtke Michael, 2009). Some of the details in relation to the fall of circulation are: New York Times circulation dropped to 5.2% in last year and 8.2% on weekday basis. While Los Angeles Times declined by 7.6% and 9% on weekly basis. Changes in individuals behavior People taste and preferences keeps on changing. Presently, individuals are adopting technological innovations very rapidly. Even businesses are operating through electronic media rather than considering the traditional ways. In all developed countries mainly in US people are getting addicted to internet and mobile phones. They prefer to buy online rather than visiting shopping malls. Similar to that, news on daily basis is generated either through cell phone or computer devices. In this modern world every house have internet facility, if one have facility to see the news at home, why will they prefer to

Implementation of strategy in FlyBe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implementation of strategy in FlyBe - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in the line of the fact that a strategy needs to be selected in order to fuel the growth of Flybe, the strategy that needs to be selected is a strategy that will help the company in consolidating the business on the home front. Given the riskiness of the business in which the company is operating and the fact that the country in which the company operates has not recovered fully from the clutches of recession this seems as the best available strategy. It is required that following the loss that the company suffered in the year 2013, the company should focus on consolidating the financial position first of all. Although the company has seen profit in the year 2014, it is still very risky to venture into a new market just yet. Another fact which makes the decision of entering the market still far fledged decision for the company is the fact that the Asian market is a relatively new market for the company. So the returns from the Asian market will be rather s low to come by as opposed to the strategy that involves the domestic market. In view of this case, the strategy for the domestic that aims at consolidation of the operations in the domestic market is the strategy that should be chosen for implementation. The strategy that aims at consolidating the business of the company involves several steps such as remove the unprofitable routes, introduce marketing coupons and discount coupons that will help in making the routes more attractive to the customers etc. In implementing the strategies there are several issues that will arise which might hinder the implementation of the strategy. There are also some factors or issues that will help or synergies the implementation of the strategies.

Health Law and Regulations Essay Example for Free

Health Law and Regulations Essay Health care is high on the list of the most regulated entities. Regulated by the government, the health care sector is also regulated by different private bodies. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) together with the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA) and different medical specialties form part of the private health care regulatory entities that collaborate with the government. Health care regulation is focused on three main roles; cost control, quality control, and access expansion and control. These three functions are subdivided into objectives covering each aspect pertaining to the health care area. While the regulatory program exists to accomplish the three above-mentioned objectives, the implementation of each objective affects one another. Example, quality control causes a reduction of access, and increases the cost because of an increase in demand. Despite the interdependence of these objectives, health care regulation does not indulge competition amongst the regulatory bodies. Important in the regulatory industry are those who engage each other with the same goal towards improving the health care. A majority of the health care regulatory federal agencies in America are comprised within the Federal Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The American constitution directs all health care regulators to obey the set legal process as their activities contain the potential to limit or breach the rights of health care. Health care is a high level of bureaucracy and extensive legal procedures. Regulators are provided a notice for their proposed regulation with findings to support it, after which the sector under regulation is allowed to contest or appeal the proposal. The legal process is appealed in every health care procedure, whether if it’s to test a new drug, suspend a practitioner’s license, or a regulation on  environmental standards. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health care regulation signed into law on the 23rd of March, 2010. The law’s main focus had been to increase the affordability and quality of American health insurance. Its policies were focused on lowering the rates imposed on the uninsured through the expansion of both the private and public insurance covers. It had also aimed to reduce the health care costs incurred by the government along with citizens. Barely seven days after its enforcement had a new health care law come into effect with amendments to the ACA. On March 30, 2010, the president of the United States signed into law the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. The law had been enacted by the 111th US congress (Blackman, 2013). The ACA has advantages as disadvantages, and has been at the forefront of political criticism since its enactment. Its strongest opponents have cited it to be punitive of the high-end earners to cushion the middle and lower classes. It has also been reported to weigh heavily on the nation’s wage bill. In a nutshell, the ACA is designed to cover the majority of American’s health care insurance. However, the regulation’s cost factor has proven unsustainable without economically hurting the high earning entities. The effect of ACA’s implementation has caused an overall negative economic realignment as various entities strive to remain afloat; working hours have been significantly downsized by various corporations in anticipation of unsustainable insurance compliance. The ACA regulation is seen as an economically crippling element in America’s overall economic composite. The enormous tax burden shouldered by high earning entities is evidenced to trickle down to the middle and low income earners which resultantly deduces the benefits intended for these groups in an even more severe way. To begin with, although the ACA provides affordable or free health care insurance to tens of millions of American populations, funding is raised through taxes. With a hike in taxes for health care funding, earning populations are left with less to spend. The American middle and low income groups are even more affected by the adverse effects as inflation sets in to recover the growing deficit induced by the regulation’s implementation. The ACA had been endorsed as an affordability initiative but the repercussive costs have indicated the regulation as a costly affair across the board. Insurance players report certain clauses in the regulation as detrimental to the process. An example is the regulations directive for insurance to extend their coverage even to sick uninsured people at no extra cost. The resultant effect has been the rise in insurance premium costs which further complicates the insurer’s role in the initiative. Nearly all the beneficial aspects within the regulation are countered with contradictory challenges that undermine its purpose. While Medicaid is expanded by the regulation to cover an estimate 15.9 million citizens below 138% of the property level, the cost is met by state and federal funding which further imposes an immense measure of tax escalation. The regulation however features more benefits than limitations with regard to women initiatives. The ACA grants up to 47 million women access to health care services comprising wellness and preventative care. Additionally, the law prohibits women paying more than men for health care services as had been the case prior to enactment (Blackman, 2013). The ACA regulation started 157 new agencies, boards and programs to oversee the efficient implementation of the law alongside regulating health care spending. Although there are negative cost implications associated with the huge oversight entities provisioned in the regulation, proponents argue these costs to be necessary in controlling the unaccounted health care expenditure (Blackman, 2013). Employment in America is currently readjusting to comply with the regulation’s 2015 implementation phase requiring all employers to provide an insurance cover on their employees. The resultant effect to this change has been two faced; small business have been employing part time employees full time to comply with the 2015 mandate while large businesses have been reducing part time working hours to avoid paying the employees insurance when the phase is implemented. The ACA is illustrated as a complex employment factor with many jobs feared to be lost as many new ones are created. Notably, the regulation projects an  outcome where employees will freely leave their respective jobs without fear for losing retirement benefits affiliated to health care. Accordingly, the regulation aims to decrease employees working hours while maintaining and creating new employment opportunities. Despite the employment benefits highlighted within the ACA, many citizens remain skeptical of the upcoming 2015 employer-insurance phase. Dissenting political sentiments are pitching the impending reforms as a negative aspect of the ACA enactment set to diminish numerous job opportunities. Federal and private health care regulation remains as an important component in the broader sense of the health industry covering every single aspect entailed in human health. The quality, cost and access control objectives are characteristic to every health related industry. With regard to personal experience, I have on several occasions observed medical licenses revoked for certain practitioners following a legal process to dispute the quality displayed by the practitioners in context. The two mentioned above 2010 health care regulations contain a complex and mostly long term agenda aimed at bettering the quality of health care services in America. The current challenges are largely short-term and should not be invoked to undermine long-term benefits. A healthy debate is however essential to ensure minimized negations throughout the implementation process. References Top of Form Blackman, J. (2013). Unprecedented: The constitutional challenge to Obamacare. Bottom of Form

Concepts in Autopsy Investigation

Concepts in Autopsy Investigation Homicide Investigation Outline the five specific steps involved in the complete medicolegal autopsy (postmortem examination) and provide the purposes for doing it. Evaluate the differences between: 1) the cause of death, 2) the manner of death, and 3) the mode of death. Science keeps on shaping the universe of equity, filling wrongdoing examinations and meaning the advancement of current innovation. While measurable science incorporates a huge number of strategies, the writing to take after will concentrate on the craft of criminological post-mortem. In spite of the fact that autopsies are all the most frequently utilized for purposes disconnected to wrongdoing, they assume such an urgent part in homicide examinations, that this field of legal science has an extensive effect on where the examination ought to start (Gallaghe, Burton, McDonald, Goldman, 2003). Legal pathologists perform autopsies with the objective of uncovering as numerous truths applicable to the examination of criminal cases. For example, how the victimized person kicked the bucket, when the death happened, what created the demise, and the way of the death being referred to. Examination of the outer body for different markings or physical gimmicks will give pieces of information w ith respect to how the victimized person kicked the bucket, when the demise happened, what brought about the death, and the way of death of the victimized person being referred to. The outer examination can likewise uncover the personality of the exploited person through recognizing skin colorations, ethnicity, sex, surmised age, hair shade and length, and in addition eye color depending upon the reason for death and/or the state of deterioration in addition to different variables. The inner examination of the body can further answer those inquiries that stay after the outer examination (Roulson, Benbow, Hasleton, 2005). Through various diverse methodologies, the inside examination comprises of reviewing the inward organs of the body for confirmation of trauma or different signs of the reason for death. The significant methods of scientific science and the capacities of the criminological pathologist in the investigative procedure are wonderful and frequently are the beginning stag e for specialists in criminal cases. The writing that takes after uncovers those particular strategies and the reason that they serve in criminological post-mortems. Cause, Mechanism, and Manner of Death At the point when a death occurs, a doctor or therapeutic analyst must round out a death authentication. So as to legitimately finish this archive, they must focus three things: the reason, the instrument, and the way of death. There is regularly disarray about which will be which. The reason for death is the malady or damage that creates the physiological disturbance inside the body, bringing about death, for instance, a shot wound to the midsection. The system of death is the physiological unsettling that brings about the death. An illustration of a system of death because of the discharge wound depicted above is exsanguination (great blood misfortune). To wrap things up, the way of death is the way the death came to fruition. Outline and describe the nine specific things about the body that can help to identify it and prepare it for an autopsy After death examinations consider the assessment of new indicative tests, surgical systems, gadgets, and medications. The revelation of infectious diseases, heritable sicknesses, and natural poisons is conceivable. The posthumous revelation of word related maladies and an ecological peril give profit to the group. Post-mortem examination likewise gives an expansion of therapeutic learning and intends to record the well being of society by creating substantial mortality facts (Roulson, Benbow, Hasleton, 2005). In legal post-mortem examinations, the after death examination builds the reason and the way of death. Despite whether a post-mortem examination is for restorative or scientific purposes, an educated choice with respect to the post-mortem starts with learning pathologists, clinicians, and human services foundations. Lawful contemplations encompass death the autopsy ought to be viewed as and included in post-mortem examination exchanges. Pathologists need to be concerned with issues of approval, execution, deformation, organ maintenance, disappointment to diagnose, and the unapproved arrival of the post-mortem discoveries (report). The apprehension of medicinal carelessness claims focused around post-mortem examination execution or nonperformance is likewise of critics to both clinicians and health awareness establishments. Explain why the bodies of alcoholics are more difficult to accurately determine the cause of death as suspicious or possibly homicidal. The deciding reason for death is the most imperative undertaking a pathologist can perform amid the course of a post-mortem. Regarding legitimateness it is a need for law authorization to have the capacity to demonstrate without question that the expert has passed on of means other than characteristic reasons. Without a doubt such are the facts of homicide in parts of the world that it is a fundamental necessity for any person who has passed on suddenly to have an examination performed on them to demonstrate unquestionably the reason for death and preclude the possibility of treachery. Variables to Consider Deciding the reason for death is carried out by taking various components into thought. Firstly was the deceased found in an area where he or she would not regularly have been? Were they in a state of disrobing or have obvious wounds not typically display in a common death? On the off chance that wounds were available would they, say they were the aftereffect of a blade or firearm assault? These inquiries must be addressed and addressed agreeably according to a pathologist. In a few deaths an investigation is important to settle on how an individual died or passed away- be it death by misfortune, unplanned demise or characteristic reasons and a pathologist will be called upon to give master affirmation that will demonstrate without question what the reason for death really was. Choosing a Reason The accurate nature of death is such that demonstrating how it happened can in some cases be a troublesome assignment. There strength, not so much be unmistakable indications of how demise happened and in like manner there power wasnt any history of health to fall over on as a method for conclusion. Medical records, psychiatric or medical reports and explanations from the closest relative are all obliged when demise happens without any cautioning (Roulson, Benbow, Hasleton, 2005). This is so a point by point picture of the singulars life could be developed along the way. This is helpful if for instance the expired experienced large amounts of anxiety and where heart disappointment may have been a probability. At the same time the principle path in which the reason for death might be dead set is via doing a post-mortem examination; a post-mortem offers clear confirmation as to the reason for death furthermore can reveal insight into how the death happened. Case in point if the exploited person died or passed away as an aftereffect of a deadly cutting an autopsy can demonstrate that the culprit was either left given or right, taller or more diminutive, heavier or lighter, all qualities which are helpful in developing a physical profile of the aggressor. In the same way a post-mortem can demonstrate if the expired attempted to safeguard themselves or was just overcome by their aggressor; again valuable data when developing a picture of a wrongdoing. these focuses an examination can likewise go somehow to helping gauge the time of death, something that could be made unpredictable if the expert has been discovered outside or has been found after a long time of being absent. Again, deciding the reason for death and evaluating the time of death are gigantically helpful in any criminal examination and present important intimations as to the last minutes or hours of a singular life before they died. Write and essay describing the five specific purposes of ordering a medicolegal autopsy by the medical examiner and the rationale behind each type of request. Medicolegal examinations give confirmation to legitimate activity and show and make accessible information on ascertainment of the particular reasons for the unnatural demise (crimes, mischance’s, suicides, and so forth.) in a specific geographic range (Roulson, Benbow, Hasleton, 2005). The unnatural death is one of the markers of social and mental wellbeing status of the general public. Crime eludes the death of one person as the aftereffect of behavior of an alternate An autopsy is an exam of the assortment of an individual who has passed on. The motivation behind a post-mortem is to answer addresses about the individuals ailment or the reason for death. Also, examinations give significant data that help specialists, spare the lives of others. Autopsies are performed by extraordinarily prepared doctors, called pathologists. The autopsy starts with a complete outer examination. The body weight and stature are recorded, and recognizing stamps, for example, scars and tattoos are archived. The internal examination starts with the formation of a Y or U- formed cut from both shoulders, joining over the sternum and proceeding down to the pubic bone. Collections of deceasing persons are brought to this office in light of the fact that the law obliges that the restorative analyst research deaths of persons kicking the bucket from savagery, or all of a sudden when in evident wellbeing, or in any suspicious, uncommon or unnatural way. The Medical examiner is in charge of deciding the reason and the way of their demise. A body might likewise be brought to the Restorative examiner’s Office if the personality of the deceased or the closest relative is obscure. The choice regarding whether an autopsy will be performed is at the carefulness of the criminological pathologist relegated to the case. What categories of death can be investigated and only certified by the chief medical examiner or coroner. all deaths in which there is some motivation to accept that the death is not because of a characteristic malady methodology, is a manslaughter, suicide, mischance or one of the numerous sorts of deaths said by law, must be accounted for to the workplace. Just Medical examiner can explore and sign the Demise Testament if the death is identified with a crime, suicide, mishap, a patient with no going to doctor, a mechanic related demise, an unidentified individual or where there is some restorative motivation to consider that the death may be because of an infectious infection Those deaths that are obviously destructive, self-destructive, or happening under suspicious or obscure circumstances Resulting from the unlawful utilization of controlled substances or the utilization or ill-use of chemicals or lethal operators. Occurring while detained or while in the care of a law requirement officer. Apparently unintentional or after a pain or harm. By illness, harm or poisonous operator amid or emerging from work. While not under the consideration of a doctor amid the period promptly going before the demise. Related to illness which may constitute a danger to the wellbeing of the overall population. In which human remains have been discarded offensively References Brian Gallagher, Burton EC, McDonald KM, Goldman L (2003). Changes in rates of autopsy-detected diagnostic errors over time: a systematic review. JAMA 289 (21): 2849–56. Roulson J, Benbow EW, Hasleton PS (2005). Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis and the value of post mortem histology; a meta-analysis and review. Histopathology 47 (6): 551–9.

Commerce, Politics and the City in A Room of Ones Own and Mrs. Dallowa

Commerce, Politics and the City in A Room of One's Own and Mrs. Dalloway      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "...At this moment, as so often happens in London, there was a complete lull and suspension of traffic. Nothing came down the street; nobody passed. A single leaf detached itself from the plane tree at the end of the street, and in that pause and suspension fell. Somehow it was like a signal falling, a signal pointing to a force in things which one had overlooked ... Now it was bringing from one side of the street to the other diagonally a girl in patent leather boots and then a young man in a maroon overcoat; it was also bringing a taxi-cab; and it brought all three together at a point directly beneath my window; where the taxi stopped; and the girl and the young man stopped; and they got into the taxi; and the cab glided off as if it were swept on by the current elsewhere." (A Room of One's Own 100)    "Virginia Woolf" - the version of her that narrates the "events" of A Room of One's Own - observes the above urban scene from her window. In a pattern that she had perfected in Mrs. Dalloway four years earlier, the rhythms of urban existence are closely articulated with those of the natural world - and that rhythmic coordination in turn serves as a kind of authorization of that urban existence, a guarantee of the transcendent meaning of the evidently constructed human world. Thus the quietly definitive dropping of a leaf from its branch not only seems a sort of rhythmic blueprint for the ballet-like convergence of "girl," "man" and "taxi-cab", but also in fact the mystical cause of that convergence, a "signal" "bringing" this ... ...fied royal, the skywriting of an advertiser's airplane) are analogues of the narration's own confident focalizing sweep - now airborne, now moving down city streets, now fanning out across parks, always able to join disparate characters in a cohesive narrative line. But they are uneasy analogues, for they are patently the product not of some transcendent or natural meaning but of powerful modern interests: the nation, entertainment, commerce. Clarissa's intimations of timeless spiritual connectivity, and the narration's own performance of that connectivity, move in the grooves set down by these very modern institutions.       Works cited:    Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway. London: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1925.    ____________. A Room of One's Own. London: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1929.

Political Liberalism Essay -- Politics Political Science Liberal Essay

Political Liberalism Norman Davies describes liberalism as "being developed along two parallel tracks, the political and the economic. Political liberalism focused on the essential concept of government by consent. In its most thoroughgoing form it embraced republicanism, though most liberals favored a popular, limited, and fair-minded monarch as a factor encouraging stability." (A History of Europe, p.802) At the core of liberalism was the idea of freedom of thought and expression. People were now not only able to think for themselves, but also express those same thoughts. Popular sovereignty was also a very strong tenet of liberalism. Popular sovereignty advocated that government derives its power from the people and sovereignty is never unlimited to anyone. Political liberalism centered on the ideas of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of press, the natural rights of man, the freedom to own property, and that status is not a birthright but an extension of talent. Property also represente d a very strong idea in the minds of many liberals. Davies concludes, "nineteenth-century liberals also gave great weight to property, which they saw as the principal source of responsible judgement and solid citizenship." (A History of Europe, p.802) However, property soon became defined as a natural right. Davies expresses, "economic liberalism focused on the concept of free trade, and on the associated doctrine of laissez-faire, which opposed the habit of governments to regulate economic life through protectionist tariffs. It stressed the right of men of property to engage in commercial and industrial activities without undue restraint." (A History of Europe, p.802) Hence, both economic and political liberalism had the right of property as a core ingredient. Property was a major element in the minds of the liberals because it enabled them to be known as a citizen. The liberals were the working middle classes, those with money but no birthright. Liberalism was translated into a pursuit of wealth by the middle class. "The principal concern of early-nineteenth-century liberalism was protecting the rights of the individual against the demands of the state", explains Davies. (A History of Europe, p.802) Here, the liberals were concerned with the state interfering with the natural rights of man. The tenets of liberalism affected the political deve... ...he natural right of man. As a result, nationalism and liberalism want people to live together in harmony. Also, nationalists were ignited with an inner spirit and the belief that their state was the best. "Most nationalists were liberals who viewed the struggle for unification and freedom from foreign oppression as an extension of the struggle for individual rights. Few liberals recognized that nationalism was a potentially dangerous force that could threaten liberal ideals of freedom and equality." (Sources of the Western Tradition, p.141) Hence, both liberals and nationalists were fighting for equal individual rights of man. In conclusion, "liberals advocated a constitution that limited the state's authority and a bill of rights that stipulated the citizen's basic freedoms." (Sources of the Western Tradition, p.171) Liberals were heavily concerned with the basic rights of man and other rights, such as freedom of thought and expression. However, they were also concerned with the idea of property. As a result, liberalism, which had a profound effect on the early nineteenth century, grew and had an impact on the ideas or ideologies presented in the later nineteenth century.

History of the Museum :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From as early as the 3rd century bc, there have been examples of museum concepts. Ptolomy Soter, known as â€Å"The Preserver†, founded the great Museon at Alexandria. After six centuries, it was destroyed, ending centuries of intellectual research and collected statues. In ancient Greece, temples of objects, including the Parthenon and the Acropolis housed cult statues in cellas, rooms dedicated to this purpose. A keeper, similarly to a curator, would oversee the temple activities. In addition, an early example of conservation is documented by the placement of oil vats by ivory statues to prevent drying out and cracking. At the Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi, votive objects were stored for the purpose of conservation. Documenting exhibition is the site at Propileo. On the right side, there is a library, and on the left, a pinakotheke, which are panel paintings open to the public. This shows early interest in exhibition and galleries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Hellenistic period (Greek), Alexander the Great gathered a library of 600,000 volumes in scrolls, as well as statues of poets and philosophers. The concept was similar to a history museum. Under the leadership of Trajan, the 2nd century Romans displayed statues in temples, forums, theaters, and baths. These people were much more public with their collections than the Greeks were, however, evidence of Greek influence is shown for example in the stature of Caesar Augustus (think Primaporta). Also, statues were in homes for private viewing. Under Hadrian, the open air concept was born, at least for private consumption. He borrowed building ideas for his villa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Middle Ages, Catholic cathedrals housed treasuries full of original objects from pilgrimages and crusades, donated by people to the church for salvation purposes, on the notion â€Å"absorb and purchase: donate†. There was an emphasis on preservation. In the late 14th and early 15th centuries, private collections were emerging. Jean, the Duke of Berry, (a territory of France), loved books and had a library and antique coins, and a zoo, which included bezoars. Those were an antidote found in the stomachs of wild goats.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries brought about an emergence of private collections in Florence. Paolo Giovio, from Como, a humanist, was a pioneer of the private historical museum. In it, contained objects and books, all preserved and collected. Andrea Odoni commissioned Lorenzo Lotto to paint him as a collector. The Belvedaire Gardens in Rome was the private hideaway of the Pope and his visitors.

Disaster Paper Essay

When you deliberate on a disaster, it becomes clear that any such event has three phases to it. Initially, there are antecedents that lead to the disaster. When enough antecedents have accumulated, the disaster occurs at that specific tipping time. Finally after the disaster has happened the final phase of resolutions occurs. The resolutions are steps that the society attempt to implement to revert the effects that the event has produced. Consider the Deepwater Horizon disaster that happened on July 17th 2010. Upon critical review the group have identified series of antecedents that led to the disaster. At the tipping point the disaster occurred, lives were lost and numerous crew members injured. After the initial shock of the disaster and evacuation of the crew engineers and BP staff attempted to close the well with numerous trials. Eventually policy makers were involved in development of the new safety policies. Numerous investigations and trials were performed to better understand the disaster and avoid similar events. At the end numerous antecedents have been identified, the disaster was resolved and the consequences identified. The Deepwater Horizon accident was found to have multiple antecedents that caused this tragedy. Specifically, a sequence of eight safety barriers that were breached led to the explosion which killed eleven people and caused widespread pollution throughout the Gulf of Mexico. At first the annulus cement barrier was installed improperly and did not isolate the hydrocarbons coming from the well. The shoe track barrier did not isolate the hydrocarbons. As a consequence these two events allowed hydrocarbons to rise up the well and aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig. The negative pressure test was incorrectly interpreted. The influx of hydrocarbons was not recognized until it was too late. Well control response actions failed to regain the control of the well. This led the well flow to be diverted to the mud gas separator causing gas to be vented onto the vessel rather than being diverted over board. Safety fire and gas systems did not prevent hydrocarbon ignition from the engine room. Finally, the blowout preventer (BOP) emergency modes did not seal the well due to the accumulation of previous seven events mentioned above. With these eight events leading one to another, it was much more difficult to seize the explosions and fire that damaged the MUX cables and hydraulic lines. This resulted in failure of the emergency disconnect system. To conclude, it is clear that specific and identifiable antecedents can be discovered and that their accumulations to a tipping point lead to the disaster. The second phase of the Deepwater Horizon disaster deals with engineers and BP technical staff trying to close the well so that the oil spill is stopped. To reduce the oil spill the leaking oil is set on fire with the hope that the spill will be reduced. On May 2nd, 2010 PB starts to drill a relief well that should overtake that leaking site. On May 5th one of the leaking sites is capped, however oil continues to leak from the well. On May 7th BP engineers use the containment chambers to close the remaining leaks. The idea fails and is abandoned. On May 9th a â€Å"junk shot† approach is implemented, the following day â€Å"top hat† approach is planned out. The attempt to reduce the leak continues, numerous other approaches and plans are implemented to either reduce the oil spill or completely halt it. On august 4th BP reports that using the latest attempt the â€Å"static kill† appears to be successful and attempts to permanently seal the leak are in the process. On September 19th the Deepwater Horizon leak have been permanently sealed. The nightmare that happened on May 2nd has been halted but not fully resolved. The environmental affect that the disaster caused will hunt the future of Gulf of Mexico waters for decades. For example, seahorse populations in the region decline and the Hippocampus zosterae, dwarf specie of seahorses, is on the verge of extinction. The role of engineers in the Deepwater Horizon disaster is immense. During the accumulation of antecedents there are evidences that engineers knew about chaos that was occurring on the Deepwater Horizon rig. However, due to poor management and lack of communication between companies involved in the project, engineers had little impact in correcting the antecedents. Eventually, when the disaster occurred, the BP engineers tried various attempts and ideas to close the opened well. Lastly environmental engineers are and will be involved in cleaning efforts of the Gulf of Mexico waters. Therefore it is important to consider the engineers as not only the antecedents in a disaster but also as proactive members of society that attempt fixing the environment to pre-disaster state. Therefore, engineering is involved with all disaster phases. As a group, we plan to incorporate each disaster phase into the final report and discuss how engineering process have been aiding the future avoidance of similar disasters. It is important to understand that media reports cover just a few aspects of disasters and news in general. In many cases the scope of media reports is within political and economic spectrums. Therefore further research into documents released by various commissions and investigators that are publicly available will be looked at and analysed by the group and its members. The group process is moving according to the milestones developed and outlined in the proposal paper. Despite this, new opportunities in scheduling allows for the group to have a few extra meetings and perhaps finish the final report ahead of the scheduled time. The comparison chart of milestones is outlined below. Over all there are a few challenges that the group have to work through. As mentioned above the group plans to analyze some reports developed by the investigators of the disaster. The challenging part is to read through pages of technical analysis and to identify related parts for the assignment. Since there are new group meetings, it should be possible to accomplish this task in professional manner. In addition the group will do a presentation on the project therefore these two meeting dates will be allocated towards that time. The final paper will contain a more detailed and chronological outline of the disaster phases. The paper will discuss the causes, antecedents and policy developments that occurred as of the result of the disaster. The general breakdown of the parts has not changed since they were assigned during the composition of the proposal paper.

Misconception of African Americans Essay

Since the beginning of time African Americans have been viewed negatively. We have always been viewed as a threat to society and frowned upon by many races. There are many cliches displayed in the media of what African Americans are supposed to act like. These conclusions cause almost immediate negative feelings from other races and sometimes by our own race. African American females in television shows and movies are often shown as the loud â€Å"ghetto† acting, angry black girl who is always â€Å"telling someone off†. Actor Tyler Perry has been criticized for illustrating African American females as â€Å"big momma†, another negative portrayal of black women. Other times shapely video vixens cause other black females to be portrayed as â€Å"jump-offs† or gold diggers. African American males have even greater judgments to overcome. They are viewed as a menace to society. They are illustrated as wild, angry, dangerous â€Å"gang bangers†. Black men are viewed as absentee fathers or abusive husbands. Although, in some cases, African American males do possess some of these characteristics, there are just as many black men that are positive role models. These ignorant judgments are called stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing†. Stereotypes, in my own words, are judgments blindly made by people who use ignorance as an excuse to be biased against those who are different from them. There are many different types of stereotyping. Racial stereotyping, sexist stereotyping, stereotypes about cultures, and sexual orientation stereotypes are all judgments that can affect one’s life in many ways. Stereotypes are, sadly, made by everyone. Racial stereotyping, however, is the most common type of stereotyping, and can sometimes be dangerous. The Trayvon Martin story, for example, is a situation where stereotyping turned tragic. Trayvon Martin was a young African American boy who was walking from the store with nothing but Skittles and a drink in his pockets. Because of his race, and the stereotype of what black Males are capable of, he was targeted, and tragically killed. There have been many similar cases of dangerous stereotyping. People’s fear of what the media shows we are suited to do, has gotten out of control. Too many of us are dying because of this fear. While many stereotypes do seem to be believable, people like Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, my grandparents, and my mom allow me to realize that not all stereotypes are true.

Bullying Prevention

I. Topic: Bullying Among Adolescents and Preteens II. Introduction A. On October 7, 2003, Ryan Halligan, a 13-year-old boy from Essex Junction, Vermont, committed suicide. B. Bullying, nowadays, is a serious problem at school. C. This paper will present recent information on bullying among teenagers and preteenagers, with reference to types, roles, impacts and actions. III. Types of Bullying D. Ways of Bullying 1. Verbal Bullying 2. Social Exclusion 3. Physical Bullying 4. Cyber Bullying E. Reasons for Bullying 5. Racial Bullying 6. Religious Bullying 7. Sexual Bullying 8. Disability Bullying IV. Roles in Bullying F. Bullies . Bullying Leader 10. Followers or Henchmen 11. Supporters or Passive Bullies 12. Passive Supporters or Possible Bullies G. Bystanders H. Defenders 13. Possible Defenders 14. Defenders V. Impact of Bullying I. Students Who are Bullied J. Students Who are Bully K. Observers of Bullying L. School with Bullying Issues VI. Solutions M. Students N. Parents O. School V II. Conclusion P. Bullying among teenagers and preteenagers is an unavoidable problem which may lead its victims to committed suicide. Q. The study of the types of bullying, roles of bullying and impacts of bullying help students, parents and school to stop bullying.R. I feel sorry about the students who are bullied; however, I think they can change this situation with the help of other students, their parents and school. Bingguang Feng 33B MW 4:40 04/11/2012 Bullying Among Adolescents and Preteens Bullying, nowadays, is a serious problem at schools. It affects deeply the mentalities and health of teenagers and preteenagers who get into trouble easily. Bullying is defined as â€Å"a person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. According to the 2009 Your Risk Behavior Surveillance System(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), up to 20% of high school students were bullied in United States. The 2008-2009 School Crime Supplement shows that 28% of students in grade 6-12 were victims of bullying in the United States. This paper will present recent information on bullying among teenagers and perteenagers, with reference to types, roles, impacts and actions. Bullying Among Adolescents and Preteens On October 7, 2003, Ryan Halligan, a 13-year-old boy from Essex Junction, Vermont, committed suicide.As Ryan’s father said, he was a gentle, humorous and sensitive boy. He had great time at school until he started fifth grade. His classmates began laughing at him because of his studying problems and physical weakness. His parents tried their best to help him get over those problems. However, the bullying problems never left him alone. During the summer of 2003, Ryan was commented aggressively that he was gay, and he was cheated by his on-line girlfriend. Finally, he could not stand this situation and made the worst decision, suicide (â€Å"If We Only Knew† 1/3).Ryan is not the first victim of bullying and would not be the last one. Bullying, nowadays, is a serious problem at school. Bullying is defined as â€Å"a person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. † Because of bullying, more and more students are afraid to go to school. According to the 2009 Your Risk Behavior Surveillance System(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), up to 20% of high school students were bullied in United States.The 2008-2009 School Crime Supplement shows that 28% of students in grade 6-12 were victims of bullying in the United States (â€Å"Bullying Definition† 1/2). This paper will present recent information on bullying among teenagers and preteenagers, with reference to types, roles, impacts and actions. First of all, bullying can be classif ied by the ways of bullying or the reasons for bullying. Bullying is further categorized as verbal bullying, social bullying, physical bullying and cyber bullying by the ways of bullying. Verbal bullying is an aggressive behavior through derogatory languages.It includes bad-name-calling, ridicule, slanderous comments and bruiting deceitful rumors. Social bullying is a provocative social action used by people who bully others. It includes social separation, ignoring someone and setting others up to look stupid. Physical bullying is an obvious aggressive action used to force someone to do something he or she unwilling to do. It includes kicking, hitting, spitting, shoving and stealing others’ money or damaging someone’s belongings. Cyber bullying is also known as electronic bullying. It can be verbal or visual.Provocative calls, annoying messages or emails, threatening internet site, or showing someone horrible pictures or videos is considered as cyber bullying (â€Å"W hat is Bullying? † 1/3). Tyler Clementi, an eighteen- year-old university student from Piscataway, New Jersey, jumped from the George Washington Bridge because his roommate who used webcam to view he was kissing another man and posted the video on the Internet without letting him know (Allen 2/4). It is estimated that more than 33% of young student have experienced cyber threats online (â€Å"Cyber Bullying Statistic†).Despite the ways of bullying, bullying is classified into racial bullying, religious bullying, sexual bullying and disability bullying by the reasons for bullying. Racial bullying is also called ethnic bullying. It is an aggressive behavior that some people treating someone badly because he or she does not have the same racial cultures or background as the people who bully do. Making fun with someone’s racial culture, calling their racist names, or commenting their racial backgrounds badly belongs to racial bullying. Religious bullying is very simi lar to racial bullying.Someone is bullied because his or her religious belief or background is different or special. Bullying through telling something unfavorable about a religious belief or background, abusing someone base on his or her religious belief or background, or laughing at someone because of his or her religious belief or background is religious bullying. Not only race and religion, but also sex is another reason for bullying. Sexual bullying is a bullying behavior that using people’s sexuality or gender as a weapon by males or females to hurt other males or females. It can be physical or non-physical.Sexual bullying includes treating someone badly because of his or her gender, playing jokes or making rough comment about someone’s sexual behavior, or saying someone a homosexuality. Johnny Cagno, a middle-school student in Rhode Island, had experienced sexual bullying for a long time. His classmates kept saying that he was gay because his hobby is different. As Johnny’s mother said â€Å"I felt like everyday I was sending him off to war† (â€Å"Bullying: Words Can Kill†). The last reason for bullying is disability. Disability bullying is that someone is treating badly because he or she is disabled.People usually bully cripples by making fun of their disability, laughing at them because they are disabled (â€Å"What is Bullying† 1/3). In addition to know about types of bullying, the roles of bullying are also necessary for students, parent and school to pay attention to. In bullying action, people can be classified into three groups by their actions. The first group is the bully. It includes bullying leader, followers or henchmen, supporters or passive bullies and passive supporters or possible bullies. The bullying leader is the one who starts bullying and leads other students to bully someone else.The followers or henchmen are the students who like to bully others and follow the bullying leader, but they ar e not the first one to bully. The supporters or passive bullies like bullying but do not take part in it. They usually enjoy watching and make people pay attention to the bullying. The passive supporters or possible bullies are students who like bullying, but they do not show their feeling of bullying to anyone. The second group is bystander. They are known as disengaged onlookers. They do not take any side of bullying. They do not like or hate it.They just watch and think the bullying is none of their business. The last group of bullying is the defender. The possible defenders are the students who hate bullying. They want to help the victims of bullying. However, they did not take any action. The defenders are the students who dislike bullying and try to do something which can help the students who are bullied (â€Å"What is Bullying† 2/3). Despite the roles of bullying, bullying has wide-ranging negative effects on the students who are bullied, students who bully, students who observe bullying, and schools.Because of bullying, the victims of bullying become depressed, lose self-esteem and have health problems. Their grades also start to fall down. The worst thing is some of them attempt suicide. Johnny tried to kill himself by over taking cool pills. Fortunately, his was rushed to the hospital in time (â€Å"Bullying: Words Can Kill†). Despite the damages of the bullying victims, the bullies usually have more troubles than other students. They fight frequently, steal other’s belongs, and drink alcohol and smoke. They usually have low grades at school. They can creative a negative climate at school.Some of them may bring weapons to school. According to a recent statistics from 2010, one out of every 20 students has seen someone bring a gun at school (â€Å"Bullying Statistics†). The witnesses of bullying will think school is a danger place. They have a feeling of fear when they see bullying. They are too frightened to help the vict ims of bullying and feel guilty for their actions. The bullies try to tempt them take part in bullying. By the effects of bullying, the climate of school becomes negative. If the school does not take any effective action, it will be not safe for the students anymore.Students may think that teachers and school administrations do not care about them and do not try to protect them from bullying. Then, students cannot study well in this environment. They are worried about their safety and feel unsafe at school (â€Å"What is Bullying† 3/3). Bullying seems difficult to be stopped. However, with the help of students, parents and school, it can decrease or be stopped. First of all, the students should report bullying to teachers or their parents as soon as possible. The students who are bullied can share their experience with other students.They can perform it as a play to let more students know about bullying. They can work as an anti-bullying group to talk about how to stop bullyi ng, and help school develop protect principle and rules. In addition to stop bullying, parents also play important roles in it. They can communicate with their children and use their knowledge and experience to help their children. They can meet school administrators and give suggestions to school. The best way is parents volunteer in the bullying prevention at school. By volunteering with their children, parent can give a lot of courage to their children to fight bullying.John, Ryan’s father, tried his best to lead the Vermont Bully Prevention bill became a law (ACT117) in a short time after Ryan’s death (â€Å"About Us†). Beside students and parents, school also has responsibility for stopping bullying. School staff can create policies about stopping bullying and set up a special department to deal with bullying problems. School also can post anti-bullying messages around school area. Holding meetings for students, parents and teachers talk about bullying, sch ool can inform the parent how the bullying prevention going (â€Å"Engage Parents & Youth†).As has been demonstrated above, bullying among teenagers and preteenagers is an unavoidable problem which may lead its victims to committed suicide. In addition, bullying does not only affect on its victims but also has deep impact of bullies, observers and school. Indeed bullying can be categorized by why students bully or how students bully, and students play different roles in it. Therefore, students, parents and school try to work together in order to prevent students from being hurt by bullying.As Ryan committed suicide after a long time had been bullied, his father said â€Å"if we only knew, if he only told us† (â€Å"If We Only Knew† 1/3). People feel sorry about the students who are bullied. Those students do not know how to deal with bullying. They are lack of self-protect consciousness and afraid to tell other people. The school and parents should give more inf ormation to them and teach them how to flight against bullying. The government should also have set up a law to protect students from being bullying and punish the bullies. Let’s make the school to be a happy place again.Works Cited â€Å"About Us. † Ryan’s Story. Ryan’s Story Presentation LTD, 2010. Web. 17 March 2012. Allen, Jane. â€Å"Rutgers Suicide: Internet Humiliation Trauma for Teen. † ABCNews. ABC News Internet Ventures. Yahoo! -ABC News Network, 30 September 2010. Web. 10 March 2012. â€Å"Bullying Definition. † stopbullying. gov. U. S. Department of Health & Services, 2010. Web. 27 March 2012. â€Å"Bullying Facts. † Prevnet Promoting Relationships and Elimination Violence. PREVNet, 2011. Web. 28 February 2012. â€Å"Bullying Statistics. † Bullying Statistics. Bullying Stastics- Stop Bullying, Harrassment, nd Violence, 2009. Web. 29. March 2012 â€Å"Bullying: Words Can Kill. † 48 Hours Mystery. Narr. Tracy S mith. CBS. 17 September. 2011. CBSNews. com . Web. 4 March. 2012. â€Å"Cyber Bullying Statistics. † Bullying Statistics. Bullying Stastics- Stop Bullying, Harrassment, and Violence, 2009. Web. 29. March 2012 â€Å"Engage Parents & Youth. † stopbullying. gov. U. S. Department of Health & Services, 2010. Web. 27 March 2012. â€Å"Gay Bullying Statistics. † Bullying Statistics. Bullying Stastics- Stop Bullying, Harrassment, and Violence, 2009. Web. 29. March 2012 If We Only Knew, If He Only Told Us. † Ryan’s Story. Ryan’s Story Presentation LTD, 2010. Web. 17 March 2012. â€Å"Rutgers Suicide: Internet Humiliation Trauma for Teen. † ABCNews. ABCNews. 30 September. 2010. ABCNews. go. com. Web. 10 March. 2012. â€Å"Sexual bullying in schools. † NSPCC Cruelty to children must stop. NSPCC, 2011. Web. 28 February 2012. â€Å"Vermont’s Bully Prevention Law-ACT 117. † Ryan’s Story. Ryan’s Story Presentation L TD, 2010. Web. 17 March 2012. â€Å"What is Bullying? † Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. Hazelden Foundation, 2011. Web. 28 February 2012.